Combat use of Tiger tank (by Germans) as an offensive unit
Battles in
Belgorod area have shown that Tiger tank is quite vulnerable to artillery, but for antitank infantry and tank destroyers as well, especially in close combat. The most effective against it are 76mm (and less calibers) artillery rounds fired at Tiger's side armour at a range of 500m or less, especially from an ambush.
Note: 85mm AA gun is able to penetrate side armour from 1450m, front hull - from 1000mm.
In offensive operations Tiger tanks are used by Germans as infantry support and intended as breakthrough armoured vehicles.
Tiger tanks fight in small groups of 5-10 being in close cooperation with field engineers, infantry, and artillery, especially with heavy tank destroyer Ferdinand, groups of submachine gunners, antitank grenadiers; sometimes - as a part of larger tank units, fighting in the front lines.
When breaching the defensive lines after a series of thorough artillery and aviation strikes, Tiger tanks together with infantry, field engineers, and artillery move in extended line to the battle being supported by aerial forces. Almost in all Tiger groups there are assault self-propelled guns with the ratio to Tiger tanks of 1:3.
Drive a wedge into the defensive line Tiger tanks suppress long-distance targets (dots, mortar nests, etc) that prevent infantry from moving further.
Tiger groups are closely followed by support groups. When the vehicle unit suffers losses from enemy tank destroyers, support groups move forward and engage antitank troops. At the same time long-distance targets are destroyed by assault guns and mortars.
When the path is clear vehicles move forward in the designated direction.
Having crushed the resistance of the main defensive line Tigers continue to exploit a success in the direction of main strike. Medium and light tanks follow the heavies moving into the created breakthrough path as a second line force, carrying tank-borne infantry. Tigers are also usually used on flanks of such pre-combat groups.
For the purpose of effective battle reconnaissance of defensive forces, first-line Tigers take advantage of terrain, showing only their turrets, thus taunting artillery and tanks (especially inexperienced ones). Having spotted fire nests or enemy tanks Tigers engage them from a distance of 1500-2000m.
Note: Tigers can act together with spotting aircraft thus enabling information interchange on the spotted targets (tanks and artillery).
Resume
So as to ensure effective defence against Tiger tanks, it's necessary:
a) to engage them only within effective fire range, avoid premature fire so as not to reveal own position before enemy vehicles come closer;
b) accounting for experience of Tiger tanks combat use it is advised to have mobile antitank groups (ambushes, fire pockets, etc) in direction of the expected main strike. Those groups should be camouflaged and by no means should not reveal their positions precociously.
c) with the aim of ensuring support to antitank troops provide for their cooperation with tank destroyers and mortar groups beforehand;
d) when attacking Tiger tanks and self-propelled guns the firepower of tank and artillery guns should be focused on Tigers, since medium and light tanks won't assault the defensive line without their support.
signed (HQ intelligence section deputy chief)
28 July 1943
That's how it was back in 2008. The tank models are given in RU here.
